That it remark summarizes browse for the issues out-of address manufacturing in the Down disorder (DS) to the purposes of advising logical features and you may at the rear of upcoming research.

Means

Post on the fresh new literature are predicated on online searches playing with MEDLINE, Yahoo Pupil, PsycINFO, and HighWire Force, plus thought out of site lists into the recovered files (in addition to on the web source). Key terms emphasized features related to voice, articulation, phonology, prosody, fluency, and intelligibility.

Findings

The next results pertain to five biggest regions of feedback: sound, address sounds, fluency and prosody, and you will intelligibility. The original significant city try voice. Whether or not enough research has stated towards the vocal abnormalities inside DS, significant concerns continue to be concerning character and volume of one’s phonatory diseases. Result of perceptual and you will acoustic studies have already been mixed, therefore it is hard to draw business findings or to identify delicate strategies for upcoming analysis. Next big area try speech tunes. Articulatory and you may phonological studies show you to definitely speech habits in the DS was a variety of put off innovation and you can mistakes perhaps not found in normal innovation. Put off (we.elizabeth., developmental) and you may disordered (we.age., nondevelopmental) designs is clear of the period of throughout the three years, regardless if DS-associated abnormalities perhaps come prior to, in baby babbling. The third biggest urban area is actually fluency and you may prosody. Stuttering and/otherwise cluttering occur in DS on rates away from ten%–45%, weighed against in the step 1% on the standard populace. Research plus things to tall disturbances in prosody. The brand new 4th significant area was intelligibility. Degree continuously show noted restrictions here, but simply has just has got the browse moved beyond effortless score balances.

Recommendations

(2011). A peek at lookup towards speech intelligibility and you will correlations with acoustic provides [Technical Report CSLU-11-002] (pp. 1–16). Portland, Otherwise : Cardio for Verbal Language Expertise, Company from Biomedical Technologies, Oregon Health Technology School .

(2009). Phonological reliability and you will intelligibility during the connected speech away from people having delicate X disorder otherwise Down disorder. Record away from Message, Code, and you will Hearing Research, 52, 1048–1061.

(2006). A comparison out of oral design and you will oral-system setting inside more youthful people that have sensitive X disorder and Down syndrome. Log from Speech, Vocabulary, and you may Reading Browse, forty two, 903–917.

(1983). Good noninvasive acoustic strategy playing with frequency perturbations and you can pc-generated vocal-region molds. Log from Address and you will Reading Look, twenty six, 304–314.

(1976). An analysis of your anatomic differences in people trisomy based on dissections regarding 21- and you can 18-trisomes. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). College or university out-of Wisconsin-Madison

(1980). Anatomical investigation of one’s developmental aftereffects of aneuploidy inside kid: The brand new Off problem. American Log off Medical Genes, 5, 399–420.

(2007). Metric study of hard palate in kids with Off problem: A comparative investigation. Off Disorder Lookup and practice, twelve, 55–59.

(1988). The text enjoy of kids with Down’s syndrome old 12 so you can 16 years. Son Words Exercises and you can Treatment, 4, 311–324.

(2009). On the matchmaking between palate profile and you may articulatory decisions. This new Diary of your Acoustical Society regarding The united states, 125, 3936–3949.

(2002). Speech creation errors in the grownups which have and you will instead of Off disorder after the verbal, authored, and you will graphic signs. Developmental Neuropsychology, 21, 157–172.

(2011). An evaluation out of articulatory functioning space town for the vowel creation of people with Down syndrome. Logical Linguistics Phonetics, twenty-five, 321–334. doi:47

(2007). Phonetic intelligibility research in grownups with Down disorder. Off Syndrome Lookup Habit: The new Record of Sarah Duffen Middle/College or university of Portsmouth, twelve, 230–239.

(1999). Phonological feeling feel during the four-year-old British youngsters: A review and you will normative data asexuelle Dating-Seiten kostenlos. Globally Journal out of Vocabulary and Communications Problems, 34, 311–335.

(2003). A four-seasons longitudinal examination of palatal dish therapy in kids which have Off syndrome: Outcomes towards the oral motor form, articulation and you may communication choice. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 61, 39–46.